robota
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota.[1] By surface analysis, robit + -ota. Cognate with German Arbeit, Dutch arbeid, and Middle English arveth (“difficult; hard”).
Noun edit
robota f
- serfdom, villeinage
- corvee
- (colloquial, usually derogatory) any arduous work; drudgery, grind, slog
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- rob m
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
robota
Further reading edit
- robota in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- robota in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- robota in Internetová jazyková příručka
References edit
- ^ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “robota”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
robota (accusative singular robotan, plural robotaj, accusative plural robotajn)
Related terms edit
- robote (“robotically”)
- roboto (“robot”)
Latvian edit
Noun edit
robota m
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orbota. By surface analysis, robiti + -ota.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
robota f
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | robota | robotě | roboty |
genitive | roboty | robotú | robot |
dative | robotě | robotama | robotám |
accusative | robotu | robotě | roboty |
vocative | roboto | robotě | roboty |
locative | robotě | robotú | robotách |
instrumental | robotú | robotama | robotami |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants edit
- Czech: robota
References edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “robota”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orbota. By surface analysis, robić + -ota. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
robota f
- (attested in Lesser Poland) work; physical labor (act of working)
- Synonym: praca
- Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie[2], Krakow, page gl. 154b:
- Gakocz vibiragø mødrzy ludze dobre rzemeslniky ku robocze sicut eligi solent artifices ad operandum
- [Jakoć wybirają mądrzy ludzie dobre rzemieślniki ku robocie sicut eligi solent artifices ad operandum]
- way of performing something
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[3], page 159:
- Suknya myal chytrey roboty, ktorąsch yemv byla dzyevycza Marya vtkala (fuit inconsutilis tunica, subtili arte facta per Mariam opere textili)
- [Suknią miał chytrej roboty, ktorąż jemu była dziewica Maryja utkała (fuit inconsutilis tunica, subtili arte facta per Mariam opere textili)]
- toil
- (attested in Maspvoa) work (result or product of work)
- 1950 [1456], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 997, Warsaw:
- Jako ja nye pobral Janovy robothi, slowye chrostv, gwalthem, czsso Nicolaus kmetho rambyl
- [Jako ja nie pobrał Janowi roboty, słowie chrostu, gwałtem, cso Nicolaus kmetho rąbił]
- (attested in Masovia) payment for work
- 1950 [1487], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1615, Warsaw:
- Jakom ya nye kazal ssobye kmeczem gych robycz gwaltem anym gych vmnyeschil w robothach yako pol kopy
- [Jakom ja nie kazał sobie kmieciem jich robić gwałtem anim jich umnieszył w robotach jako poł kopy]
- (attested in Masovia) place of work
- 1950 [1472], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2968, Warsaw:
- Nye szegnalem Sczepana sz robothi gego, gegdy ogrodek grodzyl dla vzithkv sszwoyego
- [Nie zegnałem Szczepana s roboty jego, kiegdy ogrodek grodził dla użytku swojego]
- behavior, conduction
- 1949, “Skarga umierającego. Woronczak Jerzy, Skarga umierającego. Ze studiów nad rękopisem nr 2 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu”, in Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Sobótk, page 58:
- Pomnys, czosz... *slvbovela, gdis se dyabla *odrzekale, zle robothi, zlego *dzela, thos wsythko *przestapovela
- [Pomniż, coś... śluboweła, gdyś sie diabła otrzekała, złe roboty, złego dzieła, toś wszytko przestępoweła]
- trying, effort; zeal; care
- 1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 93, 4:
- Kto szye podeymye czesznego vrzadv, ... ten mvsy myecz robotha y troszką (hic labores et curas habere opportet), aby ten vrzad dobrze y czeszno dzyerzal
- [Kto sie podejmie czesnego urzędu, ... ten musi mieć robotę i troskę (hic labores et curas habere opportet), aby ten urząd dobrze i czesno dzierżał]
- (attested in Masovia) serfdom labor for a feudal lord
- 1950 [1498], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1808, Warsaw:
- Jakom ya nye wrzuczyl sza gwaltem... w dzerzawa... anym przyczyskal kmyeczy yego ku robocze
- [Jakom ja nie wrzucił się gwałtem... w dzierżawę... anim przyciskał kmieci jego ku robocie]
- slavery
- 1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[7], 13, 3:
- Pomnyczye na ten to dzen, w ktoriszczye wyszly s Egipta a z domu roboti (de domo servitutis)
- [Pomnicie na ten to dzień, w ktoryście wyszli s Ejipta a z domu roboty (de domo servitutis)]
Derived terms edit
- robotawać impf
- robotować impf
- siedzieć na robocie impf
Related terms edit
- robić impf
Descendants edit
References edit
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “robota”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “robota”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “robota”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “robota”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /rɔˈbɔ.ta/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /rɔˈbɔ.ta/
Audio 1: (file) Audio 2: (file) - Rhymes: -ɔta
- Syllabification: ro‧bo‧ta
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Polish robota. By surface analysis, robić + -ota.
Noun edit
robota f (diminutive robótka)
- (colloquial) work (sustained effort to overcome obstacles and achieve a result)
- Synonym: praca
- (colloquial) job (economic role for which a person is paid)
- Synonym: praca
- (colloquial) workplace (place where a job is carried out)
- Synonym: praca
- (colloquial) job (result of someone's actions)
- (colloquial) work, doing (manner of performing something)
- (in the plural) works (collective effort aimed at accomplishing some goal)
- (in the plural) works (construction)
- Synonym: prace ręczne
- (obsolete) need (necessity to do something)
- Synonym: potrzeba
- (obsolete) fermentation
- Synonym: fermentacja
- (obsolete, beekeeping) honey and wax
- (Middle Polish) serfdom
- Synonym: pańszczyzna
- (Middle Polish) effort; diligence
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- robić impf
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), robota is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 5 times in scientific texts, 19 times in news, 40 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 42 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 139 times, making it the 430th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
robota m animal
- inflection of robot:
References edit
Further reading edit
- robota in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- robota in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “robota”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ROBOTA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2017 October 11
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “robota”, in Słownik języka polskiego[8]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “robota”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[9]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “robota”, in Słownik języka polskiego[10] (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 541
- robota in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
- Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “robota”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish robota. By surface analysis, robić + -ota.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
robota f
- work (sustained effort to overcome obstacles and achieve a result)
- Synonym: prŏca
- job (economic role for which a person is paid)
- Synonym: prŏca
- workplace (place where a job is carried out)
- Synonym: prŏca
- job (result of someone's actions)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- robić impf
Descendants edit
- → East Central German: roboten
Further reading edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orbota. By surface analysis, robiť + -ota.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
robota f (declension pattern of žena)
- work (effort)
- Synonym: práca
- work, job, employment
- Synonyms: práca, zamestnanie
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “robota”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic رَبْطَة (rabṭa).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
robota (needs class)
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms suffixed with -ota
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech feminine nouns
- Czech colloquialisms
- Czech derogatory terms
- Czech hard feminine nouns
- Czech non-lemma forms
- Czech noun forms
- Esperanto terms suffixed with -a
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Esperanto/ota
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto adjectives
- eo:Robotics
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian noun forms
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms suffixed with -ota
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech nouns
- Old Czech feminine nouns
- Old Czech nouns with actual gender different from declined gender
- Old Czech hard feminine a-stem nouns
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms suffixed with -ota
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish feminine nouns
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Masovia Old Polish
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔta
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔta/3 syllables
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms suffixed with -ota
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish feminine nouns
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- pl:Beekeeping
- Middle Polish
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish noun forms
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms suffixed with -ota
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɔta
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɔta/3 syllables
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian nouns
- Silesian feminine nouns
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovak terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms suffixed with -ota
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak feminine nouns
- Swahili terms borrowed from Arabic
- Swahili terms derived from Arabic
- Swahili terms derived from the Arabic root ر ب ط
- Swahili terms with audio links
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili nouns