Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country]			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2
	Change geography 1			Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	35,151,728	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	35,151,728	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	33,476,688	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	33,476,688	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	5.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,412,443	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	15,412,443	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,072,079	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	14,072,079	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	8,965,588.85	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,072,080	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	14,072,080	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	7,541,495	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,391,040	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,949,795	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	4,949,795	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Semi-detached house	698,800	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	698,800	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Row house	891,305	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	891,305	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	784,300	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2,539,390	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Other single-attached house	36,005	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	36,005	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	189,755	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	189,755	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,072,080	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	14,072,080	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
1 person	3,969,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,969,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
2 persons	4,834,605	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	4,834,605	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
3 persons	2,140,640	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2,140,640	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
4 persons	1,946,275	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,946,275	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,180,770	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	34,460,060	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average household size	2.4	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.4	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Marital status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,840,730	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	9,840,730	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
2 persons	5,007,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	5,007,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
3 persons	2,107,830	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2,107,830	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
4 persons	1,909,935	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,909,935	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
5 or more persons	815,170	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	815,170	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average size of census families	2.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,840,730	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	9,840,730	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total couple families	8,227,925	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	8,227,925	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Married couples	6,474,005	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	6,474,005	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,753,920	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,612,805	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Female parent	1,262,340	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,262,340	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Male parent	350,465	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	350,465	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	8,227,925	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Couples without children	4,024,305	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	4,024,305	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Couples with children	4,203,615	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	4,203,615	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
1 child	1,650,165	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,650,165	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
2 children	1,783,080	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,783,080	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
3 or more children	770,375	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	770,375	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,612,805	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
1 child	983,485	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	983,485	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
2 children	457,670	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	457,670	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
3 or more children	171,655	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	171,655	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,072,075	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	14,072,075	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	9,218,225	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,782,095	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,782,095	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,436,135	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	5,436,135	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	301,715	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	4,552,135	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
One-person households	3,969,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,969,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	582,350	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	22.8	22.7	22.8	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	100	50	55	100	50	55
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	315	125	190
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	305	140	160	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	110	55	60
Beaver	190	85	105	190	85	105
Carrier	1,025	465	565	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	660	295	360	660	295	360
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	260	110	145	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	80	25	50
Sekani	90	45	45	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	765	365	400
South Slavey	945	455	495	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	180	90	90
Tahltan	95	40	50	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	50	20	35
Haida	75	35	40	75	35	40
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	45	20	20	45	20	20
Mohawk	980	430	555	980	430	555
Oneida	55	20	40	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	35	15	20
Kutenai	105	55	55	105	55	55
Michif	465	230	235	465	230	235
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	80	45	40	80	45	40
Halkomelem	475	225	245	475	225	245
Lillooet	315	155	155	315	155	155
Okanagan	270	135	135	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	445	225	220
Squamish	40	20	20	40	20	20
Straits	80	40	40	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	255	135	125
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	1,215	570	635	1,215	570	635
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	55	30	25
Tlingit	95	40	55	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	880	435	445
Nisga'a	400	200	200	400	200	200
Tsimshian	200	90	110	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	805	370	435
Haisla	90	40	50	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	805	455	350	805	455	350
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	365	195	170
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	1,320	635	685	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	745	400	345	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	1,430	665	760
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	810	385	430	810	385	430
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	1,090	540	550
Welsh	1,075	495	575	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	530	295	235
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	525	280	240
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	565	300	265	565	300	265
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	865	440	425	865	440	425
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	720	380	340
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	1,715	910	805
Georgian	1,715	910	805	1,715	910	805
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	1,535	815	720
Edo	1,670	770	900	1,670	770	900
Ewe	1,760	950	805	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	920	445	470	920	445	470
Ganda	1,295	625	665	1,295	625	665
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese languages, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	80	35	55
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	10	5	5	10	5	5
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	110	55	60
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	330	140	190
Woods Cree	800	410	390	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	55	30	30	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	370	170	200	370	170	200
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	15	10	10
Beaver	50	30	20	50	30	20
Carrier	245	115	130	245	115	130
Chilcotin	255	125	130	255	125	130
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	45	25	25	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	10	5	5
Sekani	15	10	5	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	340	180	155
South Slavey	370	190	185	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	5
Haida	10	5	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	165	75	90
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	285	135	155
Cayuga	10	0	5	10	0	5
Mohawk	255	115	140	255	115	140
Oneida	15	5	10	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Kutenai	15	10	5	15	10	5
Michif	85	40	45	85	40	45
Salish languages	285	130	150	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	45	20	25
Lillooet	25	15	10	25	15	10
Okanagan	85	35	45	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	55	30	20
Squamish	5	0	5	5	0	5
Straits	20	10	15	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	25	15	10
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	255	140	120	255	140	120
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	20	10	15
Tlingit	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	315	155	155
Nisga'a	70	40	30	70	40	30
Tsimshian	25	15	15	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	75	45	35
Haisla	20	10	15	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	620	330	285	620	330	285
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	185	85	95
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	735	335	400	735	335	400
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	1,130	525	605	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	290	140	155	290	140	155
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	195	105	90	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	435	220	210	435	220	210
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	240	110	135	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	1,630	825	800	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	1,255	530	725	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	230	105	120	230	105	120
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	670	310	360
Celtic languages	360	205	155	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	185	105	80
Welsh	95	50	45	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	80	50	30
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	855	410	445	855	410	445
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	185	95	90	185	95	90
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	270	120	150	270	120	150
Norwegian	345	145	200	345	145	200
Swedish	1,045	500	545	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	355	170	185
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	1,625	820	810
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	135	70	70	135	70	70
Konkani	720	355	370	720	355	370
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	355	165	190	355	165	190
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	180	85	95
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	1,040	565	475
Georgian	1,035	565	475	1,035	565	475
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	910	440	470
Mongolian	910	435	470	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	340	180	160	340	180	160
Edo	415	175	240	415	175	240
Ewe	410	185	225	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	825	400	425
Ga	250	105	140	250	105	140
Ganda	345	160	185	345	160	185
Igbo	1,000	485	510	1,000	485	510
Lingala	1,045	455	590	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	1,530	670	865
Shona	1,035	475	560	1,035	475	560
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	1,380	745	635	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	1,130	580	550	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	345	150	195	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese languages, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	30	15	15
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	1,245	640	610
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	610	315	290	610	315	290
Uzbek	990	505	490	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	455	230	225
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	975	365	610	975	365	610
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	33,684	39,836	28,474
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 22}	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 23}	88.3	91.6	83.7	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 24}	72.0	75.2	67.7	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 25}	11.7	8.4	16.3	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 26}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 28}	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 29}	14,072,080	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	14,072,080	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	70,336	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	61,348	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,969,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	35,174	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	31,446	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	10,102,290	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	88,249	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	76,419	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 30}	14,072,075	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	14,072,075	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Under $5,000	228,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	228,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	200,315	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	374,575	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	565,940	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	602,800	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	538,710	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	603,480	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	606,600	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	596,110	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	578,325	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,097,345	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,010,415	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	924,320	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	836,765	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	745,655	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	4,561,920	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,470,255	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,016,245	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,116,140	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$200,000 and over	959,285	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	959,285	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	14,072,075	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	14,072,075	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Under $5,000	243,780	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	243,780	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	203,865	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	380,680	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	591,660	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	673,740	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	628,225	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	719,825	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	725,675	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	711,180	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	691,695	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,299,680	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,169,515	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,041,635	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	900,055	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	757,295	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,333,575	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,371,945	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	809,540	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,152,090	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	9,688,845	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	9,688,845	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	88,306	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	76,372	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,706,220	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	78,976	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	68,309	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	4,222,140	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	113,465	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	96,608	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	4.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,481,410	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	53,193	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	48,856	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.7	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 32}	31,890	34,483	29,801	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 32}	28,959	30,746	27,495	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	5.1	4.1	5.9

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 33

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Canada [Country] and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released September 13, 2017.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed October 15, 2017).

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Date modified:: 2017-08-25

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Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]