Micronesia
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Chuukese
[chk] Chuuk state: Chuuk Lagoon, Caroline Islands; some on Pohnpei island. 48,200 (2005 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 100,990. Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in State of Chuuk (1989, Chuuk State Constitution, Article 11(6)). Alternate Names: Chuuk, Lagoon Chuukese, Ruk, Truk, Trukese. Autonym: Chuk. Dialects: East Lagoon, Fayichuck.
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Chuukic.
English
[eng] 61,320 in Micronesia, all users. L1 users: 1,320 (2005 UNSD). L2 users: 60,000 (Crystal 2003a). Status: 1 (National). De facto national language. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English. Comments: Non-indigenous.
Kapingamarangi
[kpg] Pohnpei state: Caroline Islands; Kapingamarangi and Pohnpei islands. 3,000 (1995 SIL). 1,000 on Kapingamarangi and 2,000 in Pohnrakied village on Pohnpei. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Kirinit. Autonym: Kapingamarangi. Dialects: None known. Lexical similarity: 55% with Nukuoro [nkr], 54% with Rarotongan [rar], 53% with Samoan [smo], 51% with Tuamotuan [pmt], 50% with Tahitian [tah].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Ellicean. Comments: Intermarry with Nukuoro [nkr] people. Christian.
Kosraean
[kos] Kosrae state; Caroline Islands. 6,620 (2005 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 7,790. Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in State of Kosrae (1984, Kosrae State Constitution, Article 13(1)). Alternate Names: Kusaie, Kusaiean. Autonym: Kosrae. Dialects: Lelu-Tafunsak, Malen-Utwe. Lexical similarity: 26% with Pohnapeian [pon].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Kusaiean.
Mokilese
[mkj] Pohnpei state: Mokil (Mwoakiloa) atoll, southeast of Pohnpei island. 1,000 (2015 P. Knapp). 135 on Mokil Atoll. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mwoakilese. Autonym: Mokil, Mwoakilloa. Dialects: None known. Lexical similarity: 79% with Pingelapese [pif], 75% with Pohnapeian [pon].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Pohnpeic.
Mortlockese
[mrl] Chuuk state: Mortlock islands southeast of Chuuk islands; some on Pohnpei island. 5,900 (1989 census). 1,690 Upper Mortlock, 1,760 Mid Mortlock, 2,460 Lower Mortlock, about 1,000 elsewhere. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mortlock, Nomoi. Dialects: Upper Mortlock, Mid Mortlock, Lower Mortlock. 75% intelligibility of Puluwatese [puw], 18% of Satawalese [stw], 8% of Woleaian [woe]. Lexical similarity: 80%–85% with Chuukese [chk], 83% with Puluwatese, 82% with Satawalese, 81% with Carolinian [cal], 78% with Woleaian, 72% with Ulithian [uli].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Chuukic.
Namonuito
[nmt] Chuuk state: Magur, Namonnuito and other islands. 940 (1989 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Namon Weite. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Chuukic.
Ngatik Men’s Creole
[ngm] Pohnpei state: Ngatik (Sapwuahfik) atoll, southwest of Pohnpei island. 700. 500 on atoll (1983 L. Poyer), 200 on Ponape. No monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ngatikese, Ngatikese Men’s Language. Dialects: A creolized language from Sapuahfik Pohnapeian [pon] dialect and English [eng] whose genesis is the direct result of a massacre in 1837 of adult males on Ngatik by British traders.
Classification: Creole, English based, Pacific.
Nguluwan
Nukuoro
[nkr] Pohnpei state: Nukuoro island, about 480 km southwest of Pohnpei island. 700 (2016 B. Amon). 400 on Pohnpei, 300 on Nukuoro. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Nuguor, Nukoro. Autonym: Nukuoro. Dialects: None known. Lexical similarity: 55% with Kapingamarangi [kpg].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Ellicean. Comments: Christian.
Pááfang
[pfa] Chuuk state: Hall Islands of Fananu, Marilo, Nomwin, and Ruo. 1,320 (1989 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Dialects: None known. Indications of convergence with Chuukese [chk].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Chuukic.
Pingelapese
[pif] Pohnpei state: Pingelap and Pohnpei islands. 2,500 (1991 K. Rehg). 500 on Pingelap, about 2,000 on Ponape. Total users in all countries: 3,100. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pingelap, Pingilapese. Dialects: None known. Lexical similarity: 81% with Pohnpeian [pon], 79% with Mokilese [mkj].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Pohnpeic.
Pohnpeian
[pon] Pohnpei: Caroline Islands; Pohnpei island. 29,000 (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). 24,000 on Pohnpei, 3,430 on outer islands, 280 elsewhere. Total users in all countries: 32,530. Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in State of Pohnpei (1984, Pohnpei State Constitution, Article 13(1)). Alternate Names: Ponapean. Autonym: Pohnpei. Dialects: Kiti, Ponapean, Sapwuahfik. Lexical similarity: 81% with Pingelapese [pif], 75% with Mokilese [mkj], 36% with Chuukese [chk].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Pohnpeic.
Puluwatese
[puw] Chuuk state: Pollap, Polowat, Pulusuk, and Tamtam islands, about 260 km west of Chuuk lagoon. 1,500 (Lynch 2002c). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Puluwat. Dialects: Puluwatese, Pulapese, Pulusukese. 64% intelligibility of Satawalese [stw], 40% of Woleaian [woe], 21% of Ulithian [uli]. Lexical similarity: 88% with Satawalese [stw] and Carolinian [cal], 83% with Mortlockese [mrl], 82% with Woleaian [woe], 81% with Chuukese [chk], 72% with Ulithian [uli].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Chuukic.
Satawalese
[stw] Yap state: Satawal island. 500 (2016 C. Fruit). Status: 5 (Developing). Dialects: None known. 60% intelligibility of Ulithian [uli] and Woleaian [woe]. Lexical similarity: 95% with Carolinian [cal], 88% with Woleaian [woe] and Puluwatese [puw], 82% with Mortlockese [mrl], 79% with Chuukese [chk], 77% with Ulithian [uli].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Chuukic.
Ulithian
[uli] Yap state: Fais, Ngulu, Sorol, and Ulithi islands. 1,000 (Lynch 2002b). Status: 5 (Developing). Dialects: None known. 85% intelligibility of Woleaian [woe], 57% of Satawalese [stw], very low intelligibility of Puluwatese [puw] and Chuukese [chk]. Lexical similarity: 74%–80% with Woleaian [woe], 77% with Satawalese [stw], 74% with Carolinian [cal], 72% with Puluwatese [puw] and Mortlockese [mrl], 68% with Chuukese [chk].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Chuukic. Comments: Christian, traditional religion.
Woleaian
[woe] Yap state: eastern islands, mainly Woleai (Wottegai) island and others: Eauripik, Elato, Falalop (Falalap), Falalus, Faraulep, Ifaluk, Lamotrek, Mariang, Paliau, Seliap (Sulywap), and Tegailap (Tagalap) islands; some inhabited, 22 islands total. 1,630 (1987 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Dialects: Woleaian, Lamotrek. 84% intelligibility of Satawalese [stw], 81% of Ulithian [uli], 50% of Sonsorol [sov], very low of Puluwatese [puw] and Chuukese [chk]. Lexical similarity: 88% with Satawalese [stw] and Carolinian [cal], 82% with Puluwatese [puw], 80% with Ulithian [uli], 78% with Mortlockese [mrl], 75% with Chuukese [chk].
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Pohnpeic-Chuukic, Chuukic.
Yapese
[yap] Yap state: Yap island and 10 islands nearby. 5,130 (2005 UNSD). Status: 2 (Provincial). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Yapese. Comments: Traditional religion, Christian.